{"id":66469,"date":"2017-12-29T17:30:31","date_gmt":"2017-12-29T17:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabiantoptours.com\/?page_id=66469"},"modified":"2017-12-29T17:30:31","modified_gmt":"2017-12-29T17:30:31","slug":"entdecke-agypten","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arabiantoptours.com\/de\/entdecke-agypten\/","title":{"rendered":"Entdecke \u00c4gypten"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row type=”container” padding_top=”” padding_bottom=””][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ancient Egypt<\/b> was a civilization<\/a> of ancient<\/a> Northeastern Africa<\/a>, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River<\/a> in the place that is now the country Egypt<\/a>. It is one of six historic civilizations<\/a> to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt<\/a> and coalesced around 3150\u00a0BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology<\/a>)[1]<\/a><\/sup> with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt<\/a> under Menes<\/a> (often identified with Narmer<\/a>).[2]<\/a><\/sup> The history of ancient Egypt<\/a> occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom<\/a> of the Early Bronze Age<\/a>, the Middle Kingdom<\/a> of the Middle Bronze Age<\/a> and the New Kingdom<\/a> of the Late Bronze Age<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power in the New Kingdom, where it rivalled the Hittite Empire<\/a>, Assyrian Empire<\/a> and Mitanni<\/a> Empire<\/a>, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was invaded or conquered by a succession of foreign powers, such as the Hyksos<\/a>, Libyans<\/a>, the Nubians<\/a>, the Assyrians<\/a>, Babylonians<\/a>, the Achaemenid Persians<\/a>, and the Macedonians<\/a> in the Third Intermediate Period<\/a> and the Late Period of Egypt<\/a>. In the aftermath of Alexander the Great<\/a>‘s death, one of his generals, Ptolemy Soter<\/a>, established himself as the new ruler of Egypt. This Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom<\/a> ruled Egypt until 30\u00a0BC, when, under Cleopatra<\/a>, it fell to the Roman Empire<\/a> and became a Roman province<\/a>.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture<\/a>. The predictable flooding<\/a> and controlled irrigation<\/a> of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which supported a more dense population, and social development<\/a> and culture. With resources to spare, the administration<\/a> sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions, the early development of an independent writing system<\/a>, the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects, trade with surrounding regions, and a military<\/a> intended to defeat foreign enemies and assert Egyptian dominance. Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes<\/a>, religious leaders, and administrators under the control of a pharaoh, who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs<\/a>.[4]<\/a><\/sup>[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians<\/a> include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids<\/a>, temples<\/a>, and obelisks<\/a>; a system of mathematics<\/a>, a practical and effective system of medicine<\/a>, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first known planked boats,[6]<\/a><\/sup> Egyptian faience<\/a> and glass technology, new forms of literature<\/a>, and the earliest known peace treaty<\/a>, made with the Hittites.[7]<\/a><\/sup> Egypt left a lasting legacy. Its art<\/a> and architecture<\/a> were widely copied, and its antiquities carried off to far corners of the world. Its monumental ruins have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries. A new-found respect for antiquities and excavations in the early modern period by Europeans and Egyptians led to the scientific investigation<\/a> of Egyptian civilization and a greater appreciation of its cultural legacy.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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